Experiments made in Transfer of Training or Learning Essay

The question of transfer has been definitely put to a test in order to show far training in one line influences other lines. Many experiments and studies in transfer of training have been performed by psychologists. Starch considered the problem of transfer in two fields: 1. Transfer in Specific Psychological Activities—The experiments performed in this field were the following: Experiments in memory, by James—William James was the first to attack the problem of memory-training experimentally. He investigated the effort of memorizing one kind of material on ability to memorize other kinds of materials. James himself memorized 158 lines from Victor Hugo’s Satyr and kept record of the time spent. He then devoted thirty-eight days (20 minutes per day) to the mastery of Milton’s Paradise Lost. After his Training in memorization, he selected another 158 lines from the Satyr and memorized them. He discovered that he needed more time to learn this selection than he had spent in memorizing the first selection from the Satyr. His result showed negative transfer. From their studies James was led to believe that formal discipline is not an efficacious means of improving the memory (National Society for the Study of Education, 2000). Experiment in perception, by Thorndike and Woodworth, in 1901— Thorndike and Woodworth studied the influence of special training on the estimation of magnitudes upon the ability to estimate magnitudes of the same general type, and the influence of training in observing words containing certain other letters. Thorndike and Woodworth concluded from the first part of the experiment that there was more improvement in the ability to estimate areas similar to the practice material than in the ability to estimate dissimilar areas. The result of the second experiment showed that practice in cancelling words with certain letters had an indirect effect on the cancelling words of words with other letters (National Society for the Study of Education, 2000). Experiments in judging weights of various sizes transferred to estimation of other weights, by Coover, in 1916—these experiments showed positive transfer. Experiments in maze-learning for both rats and human, by Webb in 1971—It was concluded from the results of these experiments that there were carry over effects from practice in one sensory-motor activity to another but the amount of transfer varied with the individual subject (Morgan, 1999). From these studies of transfer two conclusions may be drawn: (a) both negative and positive transfers occur between specific learning activities: (b) the more similar the specific activities, the greater the positive transfer. In other words, whatever transfer occurred could be expanded in terms of identical elements of procedure, habits, and methods. Transfer in School Subjects—Most of the experimental studies made of transfer in high school subjects were the following: From Latin to English by Thorndike and Rugger in 1923—Thorndike and Rugger found out that their studies that high school freshmen who studied Latin made slightly higher scores in an English vocabulary test than did students who had not studied Latin, the gain made on all words derived from Latin roots. So far as pedagogical practice is concerned, Thorndike’s and Rugger’s investigation established the fact of transfer of training (Skinner, 2000). From Latin to English vocabulary, by Hamblen in 1924—Hamblen concluded that transfer from Latin to English vocabulary was great when word derivations were stressed in the teaching of Latin (Skinner, 2000). In conclusion, experiments in the effect of cross-education, in observing and judging sensory and perceptual data, and in forming sensory motor association habits have been conducted in considerable number by other psychologists. A few experiments in special school functions have also been carried out. The results obtained from the experiments in those different lines, although confusing and sometimes contradictory, seem to warrant the belief that the old idea of a vast transfer, in some subtle and unexplained way, of special improvements to a general faculty, is false. It may be summed up by saying that the weight of evidence is all against formal discipline. The experimental evidence is against the idea that the faculties or powers of the mind can be trained like muscles so that the strengthening of these powers will automatically insure a high degree of efficiency in new and unrelated material or activities.

Bird in the House

REVISED Vanessa: Distressed Female In Margaret Laurence’s A Bird in the House By: Adeline Hartono #20336566 For: Professor Vardon Date: Monday November 14th, 2011 In Margaret Laurence’s A Bird in the House, the female characters in the story are helpless and distressed. Each character struggles to reach their own personal freedoms and is constantly battling through the ups and downs of life. This issue brings about the essence of entrapment, which is apparent in the collection.It can be further seen in regards to the female and main character, Vanessa Macleod. A Bird in the House tells a story about the life of Vanessa Macleod, the protagonist, and the rocky journey she endures throughout the process of growing up. Life is never easy for Vanessa, for she faces many challenges and tragedies throughout her childhood. In the collection, Vanessa possesses a unique quality in that she is able to find ways to deal and cope with the harsh events taking place in her life.One wa y in which she illustrates this is through her many writings of creative stories. When she wrote and developed ideas, Vanessa escapes any feelings of entrapment and helplessness; however, one of the hardest things Vanessa has to endure is the numerous losses of her loved ones: firstly, the passing of her beloved Grandmother Connor, whom she adored and loved very much, and shortly, in months after her death, the passing of her father, Ewen Macleod. Out of the two, the greatest lost in which Vanessa continues to struggle through is her father’s death.Throughout her childhood, she has always wanted to be closer with her father, but with the profession in which he holds, a doctor, it is difficult for the both of them to ever have any time to spend together. She not only believes that her father is the best doctor there is in Manawaka, but also the best doctor in the whole of Manitoba. With this being said, her father frequently travels out of town for work. During one winter in M anawaka, Vanessa’s father became very ill and had developed pneumonia.Almost immediately, in days after, he unfortunately passed away due to being unable to recover from the illness. In the days following her father’s death, Vanessa continues to fight back feelings of regret that she could have somehow been closer to her father and conversed with him more, â€Å"I took the letter and picture outside and burned them. That was all I could do for him. Now that we might have talked together, it was many years too late. Perhaps it would not have been possible anyway.I did not know† (Laurence 107) Hence, Vanessa never got the closure she has wanted with her father and this prevents her from fully reaching happiness. Although Vanessa has suffered the tremendous loss of her father, the pain and struggle of her life did not end there. She continues to endure obstacles while growing up, as she faces the dominance of her Grandfather Connor. Throughout the novel, Grandfathe r Connor is shown as someone of a high power who wanted things to go his way.He has a strong character and will, which gives him authority and as a result, overpowering almost all the members in Vanessa’s family. In one of Vanessa’s first creative stories, she realizes that her writing bears no relation to the life around her, but instead resembles her Grandfather Connor. She realizes that her Pillars of the Nation about pioneer life may well incorporate her Grandfather Connor, who is a real pioneer. She is troubled by the connection of the hateful old man she feared and fought with being apart of her creative writing so much so that she decides to set it aside.Only then does she see how similar she is to Grandfather Connor and how she will never be free of his control, â€Å"I had not thought it would hurt me to see it in other hands, but it did. I wanted to tell them to trim their hedges, to repaint the window frames, to pay heed to repairs. I had feared and fought the old man, yet he proclaimed himself in my veins† (Laurence 191) Thus, Vanessa continues to be trapped in the dominance of her Grandfather, and continually feels distressed and helpless.Ultimately, the theme of entrapment is evident in the book. One of the obvious ways in which readers see this idea clearly is in the character of Vanessa Macleod, the protagonist. The death of her father and the dominance of her Grandfather Connor prevent Vanessa from fully reaching happiness. As a result, she often struggles with feelings of regret and sorrow. All in all, the female characters in the book can be seen as distressed and helpless, for Vanessa was a perfect example of this.

Book Report on Pigeons at Daybreak Essay Example for Free

Book Report on Pigeons at Daybreak Essay The story entitled â€Å"Pigeons at Daybreak† by Anita Desai of India is a representation of love and acceptance. Mr. Basu is the man who is unable to perform his task on his own because of the different illnesses that developed into his body. Otima, the wife of Mr. Basu has the selfless love towards him. She takes care of her husband despite of all the problems and complications that emerged in their situation. Otima used to read the newspaper for Mr. Basu. Because Mr. Basu could not able to read the newspaper due to poor eyesight, Otima produced deeper patience and love for her husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the time when their house had no electricity due to electric problems, the two went to the terrace and decided to stay there until the electricity comes back but when the electricity went back, Mr. Basu refused to go back inside the house for it was the time of preparation of leaving. Mr. Basu accepted the fact that his life will soon vanish and become part of heaven. The pigeons in the terrace where Mr. Basu died symbolize his spirit and his journey in the next life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story is simple yet attackable. Its tragic situation brought life to the whole story. Then, with a swirl and flutter of feathers, a flock of pigeons hurtled upwards and spread out against the dome of the sky – opalescent, sunlit, like small pearls (Desai 228). This ending part of the story compressed the entire claim of the story. It means that the ending of the story signifies life as its wondrous creation but soon will end because every one of us will leave the world in beauty and a new journey will begin. Desai, A. (date). Pigeons at Daybreak. pp.220-228 Book Report on Pigeons at Daybreak. (2017, Feb 26). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Spa Resorts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Spa Resorts - Essay Example The growth of resort based or singular spa-only industry has its specific general development, management and operation related issues. While measuring the growth of the spa industry, another significant purpose of this paper is to analyze the related issues of the spa industry. Definition of Spa ISPA (2013) defines spa as destinations dedicated to complete well-being via a range of professional services that boost the rejuvenation of mind, body and soul. Depending upon a client’s aims and what the client is expecting from a spa experience, he/she will inquire to find out the differences in spas and their offerings. For example, for a spa getaway that includes lodging and other provisions, cruise ship, hotel/resort and destination spas can be opted out. For a simple wax or single service, a day spa could suit well (ISA, 2013). Although there is no specific design layout for developing spas, but the hotel firm Marriott, for example, has fixed spa parameters for their properties . 'The Spa Book' provides spa design parameters and functioning guidelines for their hotels and resorts, and is also helpful to developers and the design team as they develop spas for Marriott-labeled properties. Properties must fulfill these stipulated parameters to project 'spa', as an added facility (Monteson and Singer, 2004). Parts of Spas/Resort-based Spas Some basic parts of a spa include: a welcome desk division of men's and women's locker rooms and facilities, and possibly an issuance welcome desk and a lounge bridging between men's and women's facility areas, which generally are equipped with a steam room, sauna, whirlpool, cool-dip pool and lounge (some spas enlarge it with a juice bar and/ or small cafe where wine and beer can be optionally served dry treatment cabins for massage and facials wet treatment cabins for services like body wraps and scrubs hydrotherapy cabins for baths and hydro-massages attended fitness studio with exercise machines an alternate exercise stu dio for classes retail store Parlor for hair, nails and, possibly for make-up (Monteson and Singer, 2004). Spas are confused generally with medi-spas, which are rising in numbers and are in great demand for offering medical procedures, such as Botox, cosmetic surgery, and similar other medi-spas. Historically, the purpose of spas is to offer preventive medical treatments like hydrotherapy, and mostly mix water-based routines with destination spa activities (e.g., healthy lifestyle behavioral changes or improvements) (Tabacchi, 2010). General Development, Management and Operation Issues As spa industry is not as traditional as other segments of hospitality industry, its development issues arise because of the general impression that spa visitors are niche clients belonging to affluent classes only, who can afford luxuries. This tendency affected the growth of spa industry initially, as a distinct entity, different from hotel/resort spas. Management and operation issues of spa industr y are not similar to the issues faced by tourism industry in general. General operations and management issues crop up in spas, as they are managed on the lines of traditional hotel and resort management strategies. Spa sales need different strategies for getting materialized, which are different from hotel and resort sale activities. There are time management issues, revenue management issues, and other related issues, emerging from various seasons’

Planning Alliances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planning Alliances - Essay Example The first issue is that the management teams do not have substantial approaches that guarantee comprehensive utilization of these systems. Despite the multiple advancements in technology, particularly in working with distance, management teams do not put in the necessary resources in making the best out of combined efforts in information technology. Definitely, if management focused on utilizing IT in developing strategic alliances among organizations, it would enhance their competition statures. Notably, apart from those management teams that fail in utilizing IT at all in their alliances, there are those that recognize the different management information systems and information reporting systems as essential facets of the alliances but only focus on exploiting the resources of a single organization alone. This is not only a factor of limitation but also affects the utilization factor. Combined resources in form of MISs, work teams and information technology knowledge are more efficient for alliances but management teams overlook the factors of integration and sharing in strategic partnerships. Among the core objectives of strategic alliances is using the difference to come up with an effective compromise on markets, customers, processes and culture (Thomas 2004). This aspect also applies in information technology systems. Most companies that are IT oriented insist on integration of systems and sharing of information; however, the management teams waste a lot of time and attention on approaches to minimize conflict and reach agreement. Instead of focusing on how to make the systems compatible or evaluating the integration as the main issues, the partners focus on the flaws of the opposing systems and reasons why the integration should not happen. The most efficient approach to integration of information technology in strategic alliances is putting commendable focus on execution and maintenance rather than wasting energy and time on the

Teaching Document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teaching Document - Essay Example The other chemicals used include: alpha amylase enzyme, gluco-amylase enzyme and carbon which is used in the adsorbers as a decolorizer. The process occurs in five main stages; two hydrolysis processes that convert about 100% of the starch in the slurry into glucose and three evaporation processes to dry up the glucose. The starch slurry first flows into the first hydrolyser, R1, which converts 25% of the starch into glucose using alpha-amylase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis process. After the first hydrolysis process, the viscosity of the slurry is reduced, and the slurry is then passed through a centrifuge, PS-1, which removes any proteins and oils present. The slurry is then passed through the second hydrolyser, R-2, which completes the hydrolysis process using the gluco-amylase enzyme that leads to the overall conversion of starch to glucose to almost 100%. The viscosity reduction of the slurry after the first hydrolysis process ensures proper mixing with the gluco-amylase and prevents the formation of unhydrolyzable gelatinous material in the second hydrolyser. After the second process of hydrolysis, the slurry is decolorizes in an adsorber, CS-1, parked with carbon (Silla 23). After the conversion of starch to glucose the rest of the process dehydrates the glucose. A dry product is then obtained using the process of evaporation. The glucose solution is pumped into the first stage of evaporation where a portion of the water is removed. To conserve energy (heat), the first stage of evaporation uses mechanical re-compression of the vapor evolved and since glucose is heat sensitive the process is conducted in a vacuum produced by a vacuum pump, C-1. The first evaporation stage is carried out in two steps; in the first step, energy is transferred to the solution in the boiler to evaporate some water concentrating the glucose. In the next step vapor and liquid are separated in a phase separator. After the

International Trade and finance Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Trade and finance Law - Essay Example In a number of ways, the mortgage industry also suffered, culminating in evictions, cancellations of mortgage programs in the pipeline and led to prolonged joblessness. The meltdown contributed immensely towards the closure of important corporations, decreases in buying power, and massive business losses. The ensuing chaos led to a significant slump in economy leading to recession, with lasting ramifications still being felt in Europe as evident in Euro Debt crisis. This paper critically analyses whether or not weak regulations resulted in the crisis. Many factors have been linked to the financial crisis, with differing priorities being attributed to the possible causes. There is consensus, though, that the crisis was the consequence of excessive investment in too risky, intricate financial programs1. Conflicts of interest being kept secret, the ineptitude of credit regulators, and the inability of the market to control the stock market are also other contributing factors linked to t he crisis. It is notable that the 1999 amendment of the Glass-Steagall Act by the US Congress, successfully removed the thin line which separated investment and depository financial institutions in the country. As a result, it can be argued that credit regulatory bodies and investors did not provide accurate valuation of the risks that mortgage-related pecuniary products could precipitate on the global economy. Equally, governments failed to modify their regulatory regimes to handle the current neo-modern financial economy. Studies on the origin of the meltdown have also been based on the impact of interest rate. Nonetheless, immediately after the crisis erupted, governments responded by enacting palliative pecuniary policies to control the ripple-effect on different economic sectors. These elaborate self-preservation measures such as the US Dodd-Frank regulatory reforms (2010) point to the laxity of laws as the main cause of the crisis. Poor regulations Out-dated regulatory mechani sms arguably left the financial sector to virtually regulate itself, despite the main aim of business organizations being making profit. It was difficult to verify the intentions of the many citizens who had applied for excess credit in an effort to build their families a decent home. This presumed innocence of the investors has turned the heat on bankers who approved the indiscriminate borrowings2. Banking industry has been an operating under strict laws for a very long time now; but over time and due to the growth of the global economy, the financial services industry may have been operating under lax regulatory regimes that could not handle rapid economic growth and globalization of the economy. This paper will prove that weak regulations and poor policy decisions played an important role in in events that led to the crisis. Institutional policies left oversight authorities with little to do in terms of making effective responses to crises of this magnitude. Regulations are said to have aggravated the negative impacts of the bubble in the value of homes. The laws and policy decisions that arguably contributed toward the crisis will also be considered. If not, new regulatory mechan

Six Zigma methology and how the consultant can use it during Essay

Six Zigma methology and how the consultant can use it during consulting process - Essay Example The task for the consultants is extremely challenging because the oppurtunities for defects (OFD) in the automobiles is extremely high. While the original aim of Six Sigma was focused on the manufacturing processes, today marketing, billing, purchasing and invoicing functions are also advised by consultants which help to constantly minimize errors and improve efficiency. Six Sigma methodology defines, measures, analyzes, improves and controls (DMAIC) the entire improvement process and there are teams formed to oversee the improvement process (Heuring, 2004). Sigma representing standard deviation has evolved from a measurement scale to a far reaching methodology to drive business improvement. The sigma level is the benchmark for the ability of a process to accomplish the demanded requirements (Pfeifer, Reissiger & Canales, 2004). There are so many oppurtunities to apply the Six Sigma that companies find it difficult to decide which project to tackle. Consultants do not find it easy to make Six Sigma work through an organization. If the employees are discontented, then success with Six Sigma cannot be achieved. Six Sigma strategy places emphasis on achieving quantifiable and measurable financial returns to the bottom line of an organization (Antony, 2004). It also clarifies that to be successful there has to be strong and passionate leadership. Six Sigma methodology integrates the human and the process elements of improvement. The human elements include the culture change, customer focus, belt system and infrastructure while the process includes process management, statistical analysis of data, and measurement system analysis. The tools and techniques for fixing the problems are utilized in a sequential and disciplined manner. The difference in the success and failure of the Six Sigma project depends on how, where, and when the tools are applied. Six Sigma creates an

Final Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Final Research Paper - Essay Example Organizations are also measured by how much operations are differentiated or integrated: Differentiation is the extent to which jobs are specialized, whereas integration shows the extent to which different work units cooperate. how authority is distributed throughout the organization. If that authority, such as over hiring and spending, is concentrated in the upper echelons, the organization is known as being centralized; if it is spread out, it is considered decentralized. No one organizational scheme is better than another; the contingency approach to studying structure deems that "successful organizations develop a structure consistent with the pattern of goals and the strategy established by senior management" (Schermerhorn et al., 2005, 516). During the Reagan era, Microsoft was the scrappy underdog whose staff openly laughed at the moribund IBM. The company went public in 1986. The Office suite of productivity applications for the workplace first appeared in 1989; Windows 3.0 operating system debuted the next year. The young Microsoft fostered an aggressive business environment centered on the personal computer both in the home and in businesses. When the market exploded in the 1990s, the company quickly became so large and so dominant that in 1998, the U.S. Department of Justice sued the company for monopolistic practices. The settlement in 2001 split operations along the Windows and Office lines and forced the company to accept partnerships with rivals like Sun and Netscape (Greene, et al. 2004). The case in and of itself did not hinder Microsoft's growth: The Windows operating system runs on 330 million personal computers around the world, about 90 percent of the PC operating system market. Windows is installed by mo re than 300 PC manufacturers and helps run thousands of peripherals like printers, scanners and increasingly, portable music players. Thousands of software programs by independent developers run on Windows (Lohr & Markoff, 2006). New versions of Windows and Office are scheduled to debut in the near future and the company's new entry into the console gaming market, X-Box 360, debuted last year to generally good reviews. The company is still dealing with antitrust charges in the European Union, though it has recently promised to deal more fairly with competitors (Buck, 2006). Microsoft's policy has been to go through periodic reorganizations, sometimes as often as every two years. Founder and Chairman Bill Gates has said this is a necessary part of the company's strategy. "Even though reorganizations are expected, they still create anxiety for almost everyone, including me," (Bateman & Snell, 2003, p. 267). Though Gates stepped down as chief executive officer in 2000 and handed the reins to current CEO Steve Ballmer, he remains the face of

US Wine †California Region Essay Example for Free

US Wine – California Region Essay Having studied the wine industry in general in the USA, in order to arrive at a concise answer the problem of purchase of imported bottles by the wineries in the Californian region, it is important to have an overview of the wine industry in California. Some of the important features of the California wine industry are: California wine accounts for almost 90 percent of the wine production in the United States. California ranks fourth in the total world production of wine next to France, Italy and Spain. The topography, climatic conditions and the soil of the Californian region greatly facilitates the growing of grapes and production of quality wine. These are the major factors for the concentration of the wineries in and around the state. The sales of the California wine is showing an increasing trend every year and account for nearly two thirds of all wine sales in the country. The most important point to note from the point of view of the buying of the imported bottles is that California’s wineries are predominantly family owned and multi-generational which makes the changes in the buying decisions almost impossible. The profile of the California wine industry as illustrated by the MKF Research LLC is appended below to give the readers an in-sight into the magnitude of the California wine industry. The figures are based on the statistics for the year 2005. The following table illustrates the contribution of California to the total Wine shipments in the US: The development of glass bottles with uniformly-sized necks and the accompanying cork stopper are the two important prerequisites of the international wine trade. Simi Newsletter observes â€Å"During the 18th century, bottle shapes evolved more nearly into those we recognize today as being distinctively wine bottles. Made from black glass they became taller and more cylindrical, and most assumed the form of todays Burgundy bottle†. During the course of the 19th century, the development of particular shapes of wine bottles evolved, to indicate the regions from which the wine came. Examples of such identification are Bordeaux and Champagne. Simi Newsletter adds further that â€Å"Today, most of the great viticultural regions of the world have their own distinctive bottle shape†. The function of a wine bottle is to represent its contents by the mere shape of the bottle. Thus the traditional wine bottles from France have taken to be the models that define the variety of the wine inside the bottles, irrespective of the regions of the world the wine is coming from. The most common shapes of bottles are: The Bordeaux Bottle: The shape of the bottle is such that the shoulder of the bottle helps filtering the sediment particles which used to present in the old Bordeaux wine. Even though the sediment problem is not there now the shape of the bottle continues. All red Bordeaux wines have green glasses and the white ones are filled in clear glasses, of course with some exceptions. The California wine industry also follows the same tradition. However due to the rugged nature of the winery owners, this tradition is not being followed very strictly. The Burgundy Bottle: The Burgundy bottle looks elegant with its shoulder sloping. Wine varieties Pinot Noir in green colored bottles and Chardonnay in green or clear colored ones are filled in this kind. In California â€Å"Chenin Blanc and Rhone varietals are also usually bottled in this shape† Simi Newsletter. The Champagne Bottle: These bottles are usually large thick walled and tall necked and are equipped to store the sparkling wine under high gas pressure. A recess or indentation is usually found in these bottles to relive the excessive gas pressure. In the case of bottles for still wines originally the punt was the result of the ancient method of molding the glass. But tradition continues and the punt remains in almost all fine wine bottles. The Dessert Wine Bottle: Simi Newsletter further states that â€Å"Many dessert wines made in California are bottled in long-necked bottles that resemble the bottles of Alsace and the Mosel and Rhine wines of Germany† The color of the bottle plays a very important role in making the differences between the wine varieties clear. It may be observed that all the Rhine wines are placed in Brown colored bottles. The Mosels are found in green bottles, But California follows green, brown or clear. It is contradictory that some wines have clear bottles, as the coloring of the wine bottle has the purpose of protecting the ultraviolet light preventing the aging of the wine. But the bottling of wines is purely a matter of traditional values. However some regions have developed their own shapes and colors of the bottles which have become the regional standards and specialty.

Air Asia Marketing Analysis

Air Asia Marketing Analysis Airlines offer air transport services for passengers or cargo, normally with a recognized operating license. Airlines have leased or owned aircraft with which to supply these services. Airlines may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for common benefit. Airlines differ from those with a single aircraft carrying mail or freight, through full-service international airlines operating hundreds of aircraft. Airlines can be classified as being intercontinental, intra continental, domestic, or international and may be operated as planned services or charters. Many countries have national airlines that are owned and operated by the government. Private airlines are under government regulation for economic, political, and safety issues. For example, governments often interfere to stop airline labor actions in order to guard the free flow of people, communications, and goods between different regions without compromising safety. Some countries have deregulated or start deregulating their Airlines, for example The United States, Australia, and to a smaller extent Brazil, Mexico, the United Kingdom and Japan. Because of deregulation, airlines have been largely free to negotiate their own operating arrangements with different airports, enter and exit routes easily, and to levy airfares and supply flights according to market demand. In a deregulated market, the entry barriers for new airlines are lower, so it creates greater competition and average fares tend to drop 20% or more. The competition, together with pricing freedom, means that new entrants often take market share with highly cheap rates that, to a limited degree, full service airlines must match. This is a main limitation on profitability for established carriers, which tend to have a higher cost base. Consequently profitability in a deregulated market is irregular for most airlines. These factors have caused some key airlines to go out of business, in addition to most of the poorly established new entrants. INTRODUCTION TO AIRASIA The world leading low fare airline in the Asia, Air Asia has been growing rapidly since 2001, to become an award winning and the major low cost carrier in Asia. AirAsia was founded by a government-owned conglomerate DRB-Hicom in 1993. On 2 December 2001, former Time Warner executive Tony Fernandess company Tune Air Sdn Bhd purchased the heavily-indebted airline for the token sum of one ringgit. Fernandes advanced to engineer an outstanding spin, turning a profit in 2002 and introducing new routes from its hub in Kuala Lumpur International Airport. Air Asia believes in the no-frills, hassle-free, low fare business idea and feels that keeping costs low needs high efficiency in every part of the business. Efficiency generates savings which are then passed on to customers so that inexpensive air travel can become a reality. Through its idea of Now Everyone Can Fly, Air Asia has introduced a revolution in air travel with more and more people around the region choosing Air Asia as their preferred choice of transport. The total AirAsia fleet (including Thai AirAsia, AirAsia X and Indonesia AirAsia) consists of the following aircraft as of 14 July 2010 STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS AirAsia opened a 2nd hub in 2003 at Senai International Airport in Johor Bahru near Singapore and started its 1st international flight to Bangkok . In January 2004, airasia began its first international service from KL to Phuket in Thailand. In 2006 A new budget terminals, the 1st of its kind in Asia was opened in Kuala Lumpur International Airport. AirAsia is presently the largest customer of the Airbus A320.[4] The company has placed an order of 175 units of the Airbus A320 plane to service its routes and at least 50 of these will be ready by 2013. Tony Fernandes (CEO) announced a five-year plan on 27 December 2006, to further improve its existence in Asia.[5] In the plan, AirAsia will build up and improve its route network by linking all the existing cities in the region and expanding further into Indochina, Indonesia, Southern China (Kun Ming, Xiamen, Shenzen) and India. AirAsia declared a three-year partnership on 5 April 2007, with the British Formula One team ATT Williams. The airline brand is displayed on the helmets of Nico Rosberg and Alexander Wurz, and on the bargeboards and nose of the cars.[6] On 27 September 2008, AirAsia has on its list 106 new routes to be added to its current list of 60 over the next few years [7] SUBSIDIARIES Notes Thai AirAsia Established on 8 December 2003 as joint venture with Shin Corporation Indonesia AirAsia AirAsia acquired the then Non-operational Awair in 2004 with a 49% stake in the airline. Full rebranding to Indonesia AirAsia was completed on 1 December 2005. VietJet AirAsia AirAsia announced On February 2010 that it has purchased a 30% stake in VietJet and changed the name to VietJet AirAsia. AirAsia RetTix AirAsia launched their new event ticketing system called AirAsia RedTix On March 20, 2010, targeting on non-airline flight tickets such as events, sports, and music. Associate Companies AirAsia X: It is a service operated by AirAsia X Sdn. Bhd. as a franchise of AirAsia. It offers long-haul services from Kuala Lumpur to Australia and China using an Airbus A330-300. Tune Hotels: Tune Hotels.com is a hotel chain established by AirAsia CEO Tony Fernandes. Presently it has hotels in operation in Kuala Lumpur, Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, Penang, Sepang and Bali. Tune Money: It is Asias first no-frills online financial services portal. Same as Virgin Money, it includes life, home and motor vehicle insurance as well as prepaid credit cards. PORTERS FIVE FORCES To asses the attractiveness and identifying the sources of competition for Airline industry we use porters five forces model. 1. Threat of new Entrants in Airline Industry The extent of barriers to entry depends on following factors:- Deregulation: Some countries have deregulated or start deregulating their Airlines, for example The United States, Australia, and to a smaller extent Brazil, Mexico, the United Kingdom and Japan. In a deregulated market the entry barriers for new entrants are lower. Capital Requirement: Setting up airline business requires huge investment. The cost of setting up of offices, leasing or buying aircraft, hiring pilots and other staffs incur a high cost. Thus, the threat is low for the industry. Switching costs: In airline industry customers do not need to spend more on switching to another airline. The price would not be extremely significant in differences, which it depends on the accessibility of competitors services and suitability of the flight time that prompts them to switch. So low switching cost attracts new entrants. 2. Rivalry among existing firms Fixed cost: In airline industry fixed cost are high, for example finance cost, lease cost, and staff costs. To cover these fixed costs airline companies have to gain more market share. In doing that, constant price reduction is done by them to compete with others. Thus, the rivalry is strong. Customers easily switch: In airline industry customers priority is to look at price and flight schedule that suits them the best when buying air tickets. The main purpose of using the services is to get to the destination planned. Customers can switch to other airline easily that makes the industry competitive. Similar Products: As discussed earlier, the main purpose of using airline services is to reach the destination. Every airline is providing similar services to customers. So it makes the industry highly competitive. Excess Capacity: presently there has been excess capacity on many routes; as a result, airlines have to participate in price wars in order to attract customers at all costs. 3. Threat of Substitute products No doubt Airline is the fastest way to travel from one destination to another thus there is no Perfect Substitute available. However, taking into consideration Domestic Airlines, there are options available to the customers like by-road and train arrangements but again time consumption and convenience are the reasons which discourage customers to adopt any one of these two options. Price of Air Travel however is a hurdle which let customers to think to take other available options. International Airlines have a very less or no threat regarding other options. 4. Bargaining power of buyers Internet technology resulted in increasing the bargaining power of buyer. Because the buyers are now able to compare the prices more easily and in view of no switching costs, they could choose whichever airline offers a low price. Thus the buyers may be able to influence the airlines to reduce their prices. 5. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Number of suppliers: The suppliers for airlines are fuel suppliers, foods suppliers, merchandise suppliers, and aircraft suppliers. There are few suppliers in the market for aircrafts; the companies are either Airbus or Boeing. So the power of supplier is strong. High switching costs: AirAsia use Airbus models aircraft. In the past it was using Boeing models, which they lease it and later they replaced Boeing models with Airbus. If Airasia change to Boeing again, then the cost will be high, because training cost for staff to go well with the aircraft features must be offered. Other than that, the technology used by Airbus is the most advanced, so Airasia have to rely on the Airbus model. Thus, bargaining power of suppliers is strong. SWOT ANALYSIS The purpose of this analysis is identifying external factors (opportunities and threats) and internal factors (strengths and weakness) that AirAsia needs to consider in achieving its goals and objectives to be low cost carrier in the airline industry. The strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats for AirAsia are as follow: Strengths Single aircraft type: AirAsia operates a single type of aircraft, the airbus model. (It switched from Boeing 737s in 2005) A single aircraft type offers economies in purchasing, pilot training, maintenance and aircraft utilization. Direct Sales: AirAsia engages in direct sales through its web site and call center. As a result it avoids paying commissions to middlemen. A direct sale has reduced AirAsias dependency on outside resources for its revenue. Direct contact with customers provides an opportunity to keep up to date of their expectations and solve their problems on time. Strong management team: This is the strength of AirAsia that it has a very strong management team that consists of industry experts and ex-government officials. For example, Shin Corporation (formerly owned by the family of former Thai Prime Minister- Thaksin Shinawatra) holds a 50% stake in Thai AirAsia. This has facilitated AirAsia to start up and capture significant market share in Thailand. Well established Brand: AirAsias partnership with other service providers such as hotels, hospitals (medical tourism), car rental firms, Citibank (AirAsia Citibank card) has created a very unique picture among travelers. AirAsias local presence in countries such as Indonesia (Indonesia AirAsia) and Thailand (Thai AirAsia) has effectively elevated the brand to become a regional brand. Their links with ATT Williams Formula One team and Manchester United (one of the worlds most famous football teams) have further improved their image to a greater extend beyond just Asia. Weaknesses At start, it may be a good strategy for AirAsia not to have its own maintenance, repair and overhaul facilities. But now with hubs in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia and 97 planes currently owned and over 100 planes to be received in the next few years, AirAsia have to make sure proper and continuous maintenance of the planes which will also help to keep the overall costs low. It is becoming disadvantage not to have its own repair maintenance facilities. Opportunities Increase in oil price: Increase in oil price may become an opportunity for AirAsia, being a low cost carrier; AirAsia has an upper hand because its cost will be still the lowest among others. Thus it has a great opportunity to capture some of the existing customers of full service and other low cost airlines customers. Partnership with other LCC: AirAsia can partnership with other low cost operators such as virgin to tap into their existing strengths or competitive advantages like brand name, landing rights and landing slots. Population: Population of Asian middle class is increasing. It will be 700 million by the end of 2010. This creates an excellent opportunity and huge market for all low cost carriers in this region including AirAsia. New destinations: AirAsia has strong presence in Asian region. Currently they are operating from three countries Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and covering several destinations in China, India, Sri-lanka etc. but still most parts of these countries are under served. So AirAsia can add more destinations. Threats Uncontrollable costs: Certain charges like landing charges, security charges and departure charges are beyond the control of airline operators. This is a threat to all airlines especially low cost airlines that tries to keep their cost as low as possible. New entrants: AirAsias profit margin has attracted many competitors. A good number of the full service airlines have or planning to create a low cost subsidiary to compete with AirAsia and other low cost carriers. For example, Singapore Airlines has created a low cost carrier Tiger Airways. Terrorism: Terrorism is affecting tourism and confidence in the airlines. It might happen in many ways of terrorism either in certain countries or it might happen in the plane itself. If there is terrorism happen in the area where AirAsia operates, it results in stopping their flights to ensure safety of passengers as well as the plane. Negative perceptions: Passengers have some negative perception about low cost carriers. One common perception is that they may compromise safety to keep costs low. AVAILABLE STRATEGIES FOR AIRASIA There are three strategies that Air Asia can follow in order to be a major player in the Low Cost Carrier market. These strategies are Diversification (substantive growth strategy), market penetration and market development (limited growth strategies). Diversification There are kinds of diversification such as horizontal, vertical integration, and conglomeration. Ansoff Matrix source: wikipedia.com In horizontal diversification, the company developed activities that are directly complementary to a companys present activities. AirAsia has done horizontal diversification when entering into Indonesian market by partnering with Awair, which is an Indonesian airline. The partnering with Awair helps AirAsia to understand the condition of local market, so the company will have direction on how to enter and survive in the market by the help of an experienced partner (Awair). AirAsia has done vertical diversification as well, for example it is selling flight tickets without the help of agents through its own website and call centre. Through unrelated diversification (conglomeration), AirAsia might spread risk if suddenly airline industry is having difficulties and have elevated profit opportunity from the new business. But, to establish new business, open up a new company, strong management and financial ability is required to make it successful, but if it is not successful, it might create unbalanced circumstances for Air Asia because of loss of money and resources. Market Penetration In Market Penetration company will not introduce new products. It will go with the same products in the same market. The way to gain more market share with the same product is to attract competitors customers and get more loyal customers by marketing. Market Penetration will not cost as much as Diversification. AirAsia can peruse this strategy by using marketing budget and using the existing marketing department. Market Development Another strategy that AirAsia can pursue is Market Development. Market development is the strategy to sell the same product in new market. For example Air Asia can open up new routes to other places than the existing routes. Opening up more routes is going to be advantages, but it costs more than doing market penetration because more aircrafts and pilots will be needed. AIRASIA RESOURCES EVALUATION In order to implement a strategy AirAsia has to evaluate the resources because if the resources are not enough, the implementation will not be maximized and there will be possibility that the strategy will fail. There are resources to be evaluated before choosing a strategy, such as budgets, human resources, and network analysis. For diversification huge investment is required, because the company might have to build a factory or buy/rent new premises. The company might have to recruit new employees who have knowledge about the new business. Market penetration and market development strategies require less money as compared to diversification strategy. Market penetration and market development strategies only grow existing resources to get more profit or bigger market share, and usually the budget for these strategies are mostly taken from marketing budget. Now a days LCC market is becoming very competitive. Its profit margins attract many new competitors. As I discussed above, a good number of the full service airlines have or planning to create a low cost subsidiary to compete with Air Asia. In this situation AirAsia should not think about diversification. It should only focus on airline business. So strategies like market development and market penetration will be preferred at the moment. POSSIBLE FUTURE STRATEGIES FOR AIRASIA AirAsia have to pursue limited growth strategies such as market penetration and market development in the future. These strategies work a lot for AirAsia in order stay competitive in LCC market. Many new competitors like Tiger Airways directly threatening its market share. So at present AirAsia needs to increase its brand image and get more loyal customers. Air Asia can increase its brand image by promoting low-priced, on time and safe traveling experience campaign. As I discussed above people have negative perception about LCC. People think that LCC may compromise safety to keep cost low. So in promotions AirAsia should try to change these negative perceptions. Advertisements on television are expensive but effective to increase the brand image, so Air Asia may advertise on the television. Ads on Channels like BBC, National Geographic will work a lot. To help reduce the cost, advertisement time may be made shorter and advertisements may not be aired very frequently. The best time for AirAsia Ads is during holidays when people are thinking to go on traveling. There are upcoming sports events like 2011 Cricket World Cup in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and 2012 Olympics in London. By sponsoring these events AirAsia can further improve its image. AirAsia has strong presence in Asian region as compared to other low cost carriers. Currently they are operating from three countries Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia and covering several destinations in China, India, Sri-Lanka etc. but still most parts of these countries are under served. AirAsia alone dont have capacity to cover this whole region. So partnership with some other airlines is required at this stage. Partnership with Virgin Airline will provide great opportunity to expand its business in Asia as well as in other parts of the world. RECOMMENATIONS AirAsia has strong position in Asian market. Now a day Asian low cost carrier market is becoming very competitive. To keep stronger position in the market AirAsia has to adopt combination of market penetration and market development strategies. As we know AirAsia has strong management team, which will surly make these strategies successful. AirAsia has some weaknesses but these do not seem to be very dangerous. Rising fuel prices have made operational costs high for the whole industry. However these high operational costs means companies with fewer profit margins than AirAsia may become unneeded in the future thus, opening up customer bases previously not available to AirAsia. Middle income earners are increasing specially in china and India; there is much talent for AirAsia to expand its routes. AirAsia engages in direct sale through web site and call center. It should be very careful that problems with internet can seriously damage their business. REFERENCES Orders, Deliveries and Operational Asia Pacific. January 2010. http://www.airbus.com/fileadmin/backstage/documents/od/January_2010.xls. Retrieved 9 February 2010. http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/7/9/business/4284964sec=business http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/09_06_16_a350xwb_airasiax.html http://www.tiags.com.vn:8080/?idx=newsdetailmod=newsact=detailid=92type=2 Leong Hung Yee (27 December 2006). AirAsia embarks on 2nd chapter. The Star. http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/12/27/business/16419327sec=business AirAsia sponsors the Formula One team Williams AirAsia unleashes its X-factor

Three wars that led to the defeat of Napoleon :: European Europe History

Three wars that led to the defeat of Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte was one of the most powerful men ever to walk the face of the earth. Many believe him to be the first anti-christ, just as Nostradamus predicted. To the troops he commanded, he was known as the "friendly little corporal" , and to the monarchs and kings that he overthrew, he was the "Corsican Ogre" ("Napoleon Bonaparte" ). Some thought him to be a great reformer. Others thought that he was a monster. However, friend and foe alike could both agree on one thing; Napoleon I, Emperor of France and leader of most of Europe for sixteen years, was one of the greatest and boldest military geniuses of all time("Napoleon Bonaparte"). However, like every great leader, Napoleon too had his downfall. Napoleon participated in three wars that led to his downfall: "The Attack on Russia", "The War of Nations", and "Waterloo". Napoleon was once quoted as saying, "A battle is a dramatic action which has a beginning, a middle, and an end. The order of battle which the two armies take, the first movements to come to blows- this is the exposition; the counter- movement of the army under attack form the complication, which requires dispositions and and brings on crisis from which springs the result or Denouement (Gray 6)". Napoleon thought himself to be invincible and God-like. He felt that he had a destiny to be one of the greatest military leaders to ever live. The man thought that he could not be killed on the battle field, he was right. He went from a soldier to the Emperor of France in just ten short years; he fell in less than three. Napoleon led an army of six-hundred-thousand men into Russia (Reihn 159). Napoleon was always very concerned about his soldiers and made sure that they were well taken care of (Segur 58 ). Napoleon attacked Russia from the Neims River on June 24, 1812. As soon as they crossed the Neims, a Cossack surprised them and questioned them. They said they were French and that they had come to make war with Russia. Some of the soldiers chased the Cossack into the forest and fired at him (Segur 68). This made Napoleon very angry. They slept on the bank of the Neims with their weapons in hand. Napoleon also issued a fire ban so that they would be undetected by their enemy.

Kuwait :: essays research papers

"After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited." -18th Amendment, Section 1, 1919 Those words initiated the rise of organized crime in America. With the closing of saloons and pubs, speakeasies sprung up like wildflowers around the country. Bootlegging and rum running became underground businesses, while the rise of mob bosses thrived. Mostly associated with the Italian nationality, criminal gangs were alive in the inner city. These gangs were mostly dominated by the Irish. It was not until the 18th amendment, that the Irish became the ashes, and the Italians rose from the flames. While today the Mob, and the Mafia are the common terms associated with organized crime, other terms are also applied. Those being the Outfit, the Syndicate, and La Cosa Nostra. La Cosa Nostra was a phrase coined by Charles "Lucky" Luciano and Meyer Lansky, meaning "this thing of ours". Chicago is perhaps infamous for its role in organized crime, earning a nickname from some as the bootlegging capital of the United States. Chicago was home to notorious gangsters like John Torrio and Al "Scarface" Capone. The geography of the city helped promote and import alcohol from Canada, thus aiding the Mafia in their growth. The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre made the tension against Capone’s South side, to George "Bugs" Moran’s North side known to the world, ultimately decimating Moran’s men. As Capone made his presence known in Florida, seven of Moran’s men were slaughtered inside a warehouse. Frank Gusenburg, one of the seven victims, lived long enough to inform the police that "Nobody shot me". "By banding together and aiding each other in case of trouble, by obtaining lawyers and advancing funds, the criminal element has strengthened its position, not only in this city, but in almost every large city in the country. The ring leaders in the movement are old offenders and from their former experiences have a wider knowledge of the law than many policemen." -Philadelphia Associated Press, 1923 Although Chicago was the only city the thrived in organized crime. New York, Kansas City, Philadelphia, and Detroit were among those who had individuals involved in the Mafia. Detroit, being close to the Canadian border, was a major area for bootlegging. The liquor imported to Detroit was then exported to Capone in Chicago.

Dreyers Vampyr Essay -- essays research papers fc

Vampyr doesn't play like a horror, or even a suspense film, though there are a few scenes of each. Instead it is a mystery, with information gradually given to the audience. The plot follows an aimless young man, a devotee of the occult, who visits an inn where numerous odd people are about. There is little talking as Dreyer is a visual story teller. Vampyr is the kind of film where dialogue like "the wounds have almost healed" and "why does the doctor only come at night" are given without explanation. We make sense of what is going on as he starts to piece together what is happening and who is causing it. Dreyer effectively establishes a mood by use of shadows of objects and people. The leading actor remains a cipher; if this was a book, it would be entirely in the passive voice. Things happen to the characters; they don't initiate actions (which on initial viewing seem unrelated). The film picks up when a man leaves a book in a room- "to be opened after my death." He is killed and the book is about vampires. Vampire mythology was less well known to audiences than now, and while a Hollywood film would have used dialogue to explain, Dreyer relies on exposition pages from the book. Dreyer frequently shows actions by shadows cast by the characters we already know. This fits with the film's style of indirection with plot by inference rather than by direct narrative. The film is filled with memorable images: a skull turning to watch; a shadow walking over to join its subject sitting in repose; point-of-view filming from inside a glass-topped coffin as the lid is nailed down and then carried out to the churchyard for burial. The story goes that the first few days of filming was damaged by a light leak in the camera, but Dreyer liked the effect so much that he had the rest of the film photographed to match. As a result, the image quality on this picture has never been as pristine as a film from the 1932 could look. Rudolph Mate was one of the finest cinematographers in Europe, and we can be sure that the photography looks exactly as Dreyer wanted it- the sense of a dimly remembered dream. Amidst the fogginess, shots of machinery in a mill are as sharp as a tack. Of special note is that the horror is created, in large part, by suggestion rather than a heavy sledgehammer approach, In the most famous sequence of the film, the man d... ...0 years ago. The film is not so horrific as it is lyrically creepy. There are so many famous images from "Vampyr" which are found in most film history books. I've seen many stills from this film and found that the movie is still full of other images which are just as striking as the famous shot of the vampire looking into the hero's coffin during a nightmare. The camera is rarely if ever stationary. There are many tracking shots which must have been an influence on Scorsese. People enter and leave the shot which may travel from outside and through several rooms of the house. All of this makes the movie fly by as there is little or no static in the movie. "Vampyr" challenges the conventions of movie making. It also challenges the viewer. The small indie film maker would do well to get this film and study it frame by frame. Many lessons on how to stretch the boundaries of the artform are on display. It is ironic that nearly 70 years later, not many filmmakers have achieved what Dreyer did with primitive technology. "Vampyr" is a groundbreaking work of art which should be on everyone's must see list. Works Cited: me, I. Belly busting. (London: 1994.) Dreyer's Vampyr Essay -- essays research papers fc Vampyr doesn't play like a horror, or even a suspense film, though there are a few scenes of each. Instead it is a mystery, with information gradually given to the audience. The plot follows an aimless young man, a devotee of the occult, who visits an inn where numerous odd people are about. There is little talking as Dreyer is a visual story teller. Vampyr is the kind of film where dialogue like "the wounds have almost healed" and "why does the doctor only come at night" are given without explanation. We make sense of what is going on as he starts to piece together what is happening and who is causing it. Dreyer effectively establishes a mood by use of shadows of objects and people. The leading actor remains a cipher; if this was a book, it would be entirely in the passive voice. Things happen to the characters; they don't initiate actions (which on initial viewing seem unrelated). The film picks up when a man leaves a book in a room- "to be opened after my death." He is killed and the book is about vampires. Vampire mythology was less well known to audiences than now, and while a Hollywood film would have used dialogue to explain, Dreyer relies on exposition pages from the book. Dreyer frequently shows actions by shadows cast by the characters we already know. This fits with the film's style of indirection with plot by inference rather than by direct narrative. The film is filled with memorable images: a skull turning to watch; a shadow walking over to join its subject sitting in repose; point-of-view filming from inside a glass-topped coffin as the lid is nailed down and then carried out to the churchyard for burial. The story goes that the first few days of filming was damaged by a light leak in the camera, but Dreyer liked the effect so much that he had the rest of the film photographed to match. As a result, the image quality on this picture has never been as pristine as a film from the 1932 could look. Rudolph Mate was one of the finest cinematographers in Europe, and we can be sure that the photography looks exactly as Dreyer wanted it- the sense of a dimly remembered dream. Amidst the fogginess, shots of machinery in a mill are as sharp as a tack. Of special note is that the horror is created, in large part, by suggestion rather than a heavy sledgehammer approach, In the most famous sequence of the film, the man d... ...0 years ago. The film is not so horrific as it is lyrically creepy. There are so many famous images from "Vampyr" which are found in most film history books. I've seen many stills from this film and found that the movie is still full of other images which are just as striking as the famous shot of the vampire looking into the hero's coffin during a nightmare. The camera is rarely if ever stationary. There are many tracking shots which must have been an influence on Scorsese. People enter and leave the shot which may travel from outside and through several rooms of the house. All of this makes the movie fly by as there is little or no static in the movie. "Vampyr" challenges the conventions of movie making. It also challenges the viewer. The small indie film maker would do well to get this film and study it frame by frame. Many lessons on how to stretch the boundaries of the artform are on display. It is ironic that nearly 70 years later, not many filmmakers have achieved what Dreyer did with primitive technology. "Vampyr" is a groundbreaking work of art which should be on everyone's must see list. Works Cited: me, I. Belly busting. (London: 1994.)

Analysis of Hamlet’s Morality Essay

Hamlet is one of the greatest dramatic characters created. Throughout the play, we acknowledge the complexity of his persona. Even without Shakespeare providing an elaborated description of Hamlet’s characteristics, we instantly perceive him as contradictory. At the beginning of the play, Hamlet is presented to us as a cautious and courteous man; however, due to the negative circumstances he has to face, we see how his moral character becomes reckless and uncivil. Shakespeare uses antithesis, allusion, and irony, to show the â€Å"demoralization† of Hamlet’s character. Throughout the play, Hamlet is overwhelmed by a feeling of revenge but hesitates in the murder of Claudius due to his fear of making the wrong decision. Hamlet is held back by his consideration of religious morals and beliefs. This is clearly shown right after Hamlet stages the play. †Claudius â€Å"rises† in guilty startlement at The Mousetrap’s revelations† (Essays on Values in Literature). After this point, Hamlet is fairly certain that Claudius is guilty, and comes across Claudius in the chapel. Hamlet is given the perfect opportunity to kill Claudius, but he decides that he doesn’t want to kill him while he is praying. Hamlet feels that if he murdered him during prayer, he would dishonor his father by sending Claudius to heaven. Instead, Hamlet wants to kill him while he is doing something horrific, ensuring Claudius goes to hell, where Hamlet feels he deserves to go. Hamlet says: Now might I do it pat, now he is praying; and now I’ll do’t. And so he goes to heaven, and so am I revenged. That would be scann’d: A villain kills my father; and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send To heaven. †¦No. Up sword, and know thou a more horrid hent. (3.3.77-83, 93) A very significant component to Hamlet’s loss of morality is his decision to act insanity. It is a major risk he is willing to take in order to accomplish his father’s request. Hamlet realizes this is the only way he will be able to investigate his father’s death without being perceived as a threat. However, for this plan to work he has to unchain a group of new personality traits that contribute to the deterioration of his morality. Hamlet puts into practice his new role with Ophelia, whom along with her father, believes his madness is a result of his rejection of her. This display takes Ophelia’s father Polonius to Claudius, and together they set a plan to spy on Hamlet, using Ophelia as the lure. Nevertheless, Hamlet is a clever man, and rapidly finds out what is happening. This is a devastating point in Hamlet’s life as he comes to the conclusion that he has lost everything he once loved. The terrible realization that his last source of hope is now lost takes Hamlet to a new stage. The last sense of respect he had towards the people around him is now gone. Hamlet starts to exceed his rely on his â€Å"madness† to tell the truth about his thoughts. First to Polonius: Slanders, sir: for the satirical rogue says here that old men have grey beards, that their faces are wrinkled, their eyes purging thick amber and plum-tree gum and that they have a plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak hams: all which, sir, though I most powerfully and potently believe, yet I hold it not honesty to have it thus set down, for yourself, sir, should be old as I am, if like a crab you could go backward.(2.2.214-222) And later to Ophelia and his mother: O God, your only jig-maker. What should a man do but be merry? for, look you, how cheerfully my mother looks, and my father died within these two hours.(3.2.130-135) Hamlet exhibits a new change in attitude after he returns from his uncompleted trip to England. He starts to feel a consuming anger against Claudius for his father’s death. He recognizes that his indecisiveness has been preventing him from action. Hamlet makes it clear that he wants to end his indecisiveness when he claims, â€Å"O, from this time forth/ my thoughts be bloody ore be nothing worth† (4.4.68-69) With this proclamation, Hamlet shows his deep desire to focus on the death of his uncle. This change makes Hamlet able to seek full revenge for his father’s death no matter the consequences. Hamlet is then completely transformed into a man that acts out of pure revenge. This is clearly demonstrated when Hamlet thinks Claudius is spying on him again and kills Polonius by accident. At this moment, it is evident that this is not the same cautious man we met before. Eventually, Hamlet’s new characteristics lead him to the achievement of his main and primary goal. In this play, â€Å"the moral component is there in Hamlet’s thinking† (Corruption in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, 70). His use of reason was his only tie to morality, and once this connection was broken, so was his moral character. However, Shakespeare plays with the idea of â€Å"what circumstances might justify an individual taking the law into his own hands† (Corruption in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, 69); leaving us with the question of whether Hamlet had lost his morality, or he was the only moral man in an immoral world. The complexity and contradictions expressed in this play and in Hamlet’s character make this work exceptional. Works Cited Grace, Tiffany. â€Å"Hamlet, reconciliation, and the just state.† Renascence: Essays on Values in Literature 58.2 (2005) Johnson, Vernon Elso. Corruption in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992. Print.

Drug Abuse

Table of contents Introduction and purpose of research Literature review Data collection sources Presentation, discussion and analysis of data Conclusion, limitations and recommendations Bibliography Appendices Introduction and purpose of research Drug abuse is a very prevalent and widespread problem in Trinidad and Tobago. It is the cause of many illegal activities in the country. This study is geared towards finding the causes and effects of drug abuse in teenagers in Rio Claro. The purpose of this study is to determine the causes and effects of drug abuse in Rio Claro.In this project the following research questions would be asked: 1. What is drug abuse? 2. What are the causes and effects of drug abuse? 3. What are the strategies that could be implemented to curb drug abuse? This topic was chosen because the prevalence of drug abuse in my community is very high and it is of my special interest because I would like to explore and understand the topic more. I am currently studying s ciences at school and it is my hope that studying this topic would further educate me about drug abuse as I would like to peruse a career in pharmacy.After this study is completed it is my hope that the research can be used to benefit the members of my community and other researchers to help prevent drug abuse. Some of the terms used in this research project are: 1. Drug abuse- substance abuse   use of a substance that modifies mood or behavior in a manner characterized by a maladaptive pattern of use. 2. 3. Literature review Drug abuse is th Data collection sources Primary data was obtained from the questionnaire. The process of distributing this questionnaire was done by simple random sampling. 00 % of the questionnaires were given to people that were teenagers on Saturday 10th December 2012 at the Rio Claro community centre. The questionnaire was an excellent means of obtaining data as the data collected was first hand and there was no third party handling the data so there was less room for tampering. The disadvantages of using this were that people may be dishonest and some may not return questionnaire. Thirty people were asked to answer a questionnaire that consisted of 17 questions and thirty questionnaires were obtained at the end of the research. All the data was quantative.Secondary data was obtained via the internet, newspaper and books. The information obtained from the internet was used to obtain background information about the topic and to further answer the research question. Books were used to get proper definitions and to get the biological perspective of drug abuse. The data was helpful at it helped me to better understand the topic of drug abuse. Both sources contributed to a better understanding of the topic as knowledge was gained about the problem from both sources. Presentation, interpretation and discussion of findings 1. Do you go to church/mosque/temple? Often O Sometimes O Not at all OGraph 2 showing types of families that the can didates lived in The graph above shows the types of families that the candidates live in. more than half the candidates lived in single parent families, Graph 3 showing weather candidates go to church/mosque/temple Conclusion, limitations and recommendations Appendix 1 Questionnaire A pleasant good day. My name is Shenell Lal and I go to cowen Hamilton secondary school. For my Caribbean studies internal assessment I am studying drug abuse and its causes and effects in my community of Rio Claro. Your participation in answering the following questionnaire is greatly appreciated.The information collected is strictly confidential. Thank you in advance. Please tick the appropriate boxes and answer in the spaces provided. 1. How old are you? 10- 15 O 16-23 O 2. Gender: Male O female O 3. Religion : Hindu O other O Muslim O Christian O 4. What type of family do you live in? Single parent O Nuclear O Extended O Other O 5. Do you go to church/mosque/temple? Often O Sometimes O Not at all O 6 . To what ethnic group do you belong? African descent OIndian descent O Chinese descent O Mixed descent O 7. Do you participate in community activities? Yes O no O If yes please state what 8. Do you play sports/ musical instruments? Yes O no O If yes please state what 9. Do you think that the lack of an education can be one of the major causes of drug abuse? Yes O No O 10. Do you think that the schools, youth groups, clubs†¦.. tc, is making a positive impact in trying to stop the levels of drug abuse? SCHOOLS – Yes: very much O Little O No, none at all O Yes: much O Very little O YOUTH GROUPS – Yes: very much O Little O No, none at all O Yes: much O Very little O CLUBS – Yes: very much O Little O No, none at all O Yes: much O Very little O 11. What do you think are the level of which drugs are used in your village?Low O Medium O High O None at all O 12. How effective are the police in dealing with drugs in your village? Very much O Much O Little O Very lit tle O 13. What age group uses drugs the most in your village? 14 – 25 O 26 – 35 O 36 – 45 O 46+ O 14. Which one of the following would you say can be the main cause of drug abuse in your village? Peer Pressure from friends O Poverty O Parents not setting good examples O Lack of a proper education O 15.In your village please state in a percentage how many of the youths you think are affected by drugs compared to those who are not? 5 – 24% O 25 – 50% O 51 – 75% O 75 – 100% O 16. How does drug abuse affect the youths of your district in terms of causing fights and gang warfare? Yes: Badly O Very bad O No: Not really O Not at all O 17. Have you ever used drugs? Yes O No O BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. http://medical-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/drug+abuse 2.

I run, every now and then when things in life get tough

It was a cool November night and there I was running through the smoky populous city of Chelmsford, rows upon rows of cars sped along the narrow concrete roads. Noise from the movement of cars and the odd occasional sound of a horn were to be heard. Among all this chaos and confusion there I was running, running as far away from my troubles as possible. My heart was pounding vigorously against my chest demanding more and more oxygen. Pain was accumulating in the lower part of my legs causing much agony. The only way that I could stop the pain was to stop running but I kept on running. I run, every now and then when things in life get tough. Every stride I take releases more stress and anger in my body. I was now panting, sweat gathered round my chest making my white cotton tee-shirt wet. I could now feel the force of the cool November air as I was making my way down hill. Maybe I shouldn't have lost my temper with my mum. I could remember the scene at home just fifteen minutes ago which made me very angry. † You've got three English essays to do and you are sitting here watching television!† I recall my mum saying. She just came home from a twelve hour shift from the hospital; physically and emotionally she was very exhausted – it's a stressful job being a doctor. Then she found me in the living room watching television – usually she doesn't say anything about that, but when I have three pieces of coursework due, she gets angry. † You have got to take some responsibility of your own,† I recall her uttering. I can still remember her brown weary eyes looking at me and the expression on her face represented someone who was tired and disappointed. Disappointed to find her only child watching television at a time when he really should be catching up with work – to be honest I don't blame her for getting angry. â€Å"Just trust me,† I remember my self pleading, † You know I will do it.† † When will u do it!†, I think my mum said, † I know when you'll do it, you'll do it at the very last minute, you'll stay up till about two o clock in the morning doing it and this will affect the quality of your essays!.† It was getting colder – maybe I should have worn something more instead of my plain white tee-shirt and my rugby shorts. I turned the bend smoothly and now was going through the final two mile stretch. This is usually the hardest part of the race. It depends on the amount of will power I have. This is the stage where the pain intensifies to such an extent that I could hardly feel my shoulders and legs. The only thing that keeps me going is my raw determination, my anger, my will power. â€Å"Mum, God damn it leave me alone!† I remember shouting when she told me to do my work. â€Å"Just go and mind your own business.† I regretted the fact that I shouted. The expression on her face turned to one of utter surprise and disbelief. Her face reddened with anger, â€Å"Why do you think I work so hard?† I remember her saying. â€Å"It's so that you get a chance in life to get educated and make something of your self!† She explained. â€Å"You don't know how hard life is, it's a harsh world out there, if you do not get educated you will probably end up doing a low- paid unskilled labour work, do u want that? This is when I got angry. I hate it when she says that she works just for me! This is when I got upstairs, changed into my training gear and went running! Sweat was dripping from my nose; my breathing was gradually getting heavier, as I ran on the cemented pavement. I was tired, my vision was getting more and more blurry, and all I could see was the headlights of cars as they drove opposite me. There are two different characters in me when I run, one says: â€Å"Come on you fool, what do you want to be a mediocre or the best?, Run, run, and never stop.† I have no trainer to give me encouragement during the hardest part of the race; therefore I have to provide encouragement myself. The other character says: â€Å"Why are your running fool! Why are you going through so much hardship when you could be sitting at home watching television?† There is a constant battle between my two characters when I run. Sometimes my negative character wins and I stop running but in most cases my positive character wins and I finish my race. Just three hundred yards left; this is the part in the race when I increase my speed to such an extent that I loose all my senses in my legs – they go completely numb. The only thing which could keep me going is my determination, my will to succeed and not be a failure. Another two hundred yards; â€Å"Keep running!† I shouted to myself, â€Å"No pain! No pain!† I kept instructing my self – in fact the only thing I could feel was pain. One hundred more yards left: â€Å"You've done it! Come on!† Finally I finished my run -I was outside my house and I was heavily breathing and sweating. Throughout the whole race all I suffered was pain and anguish- there was times when I thought I was going to stop. However I endeavoured to accomplish the goal I had set for myself. Now all I could feel was complete satisfaction. Maybe, if I set the same attitude towards school work and if I finish tasks in time I would be feeling the same level of satisfaction as I am feeling now. I looked up and saw my mother standing in front of me. â€Å"Released all your anger have you?† she asked with a smile on her face. â€Å"Yes, I'm calm now!† I replied. â€Å"Come on then, I'll make you a cup of tea and then you can get started on your essays!† It's bizarre how the whole atmosphere changes after a four mile run.

The Ancient Romans Ict Resource Education Essay

As a group we researched and discussed how to make an Interactive White Board ( IWB ) resource. As we work in different stages it was nem con agreed to aim Old ages 5/6 as we could be far more proficient and stretch the more capable kids whilst still maintaining it simple for the non so competent. We chose the subject The Ancient Romans as it followed the course of study and we thought it would appeal to the bulk. Visually the colorss were chosen for their clear contrast, the ruddy button to promote the kid to force, the blue for its cosmopolitan entreaty and the fount and size to do it simple to read. Duration of the resource is wholly down to the users ability, the initial bringing takes merely proceedingss to explicate, one time the kids reach the options they choose and the nexus takes them straight to the www.bbc.education.history.co.uk which gives them multitudes of farther options and picks. Synergistic engagement is easy obtained as was apparent in our feedback from students, we delivered it to our students and their involvement was promoting, they responded to the Dr. Who music, they were eager to take portion in the initial group undertaking that involved them pressing the large ruddy button. They every bit enjoyed the ulterior undertaking of partner offing up and researching themselves. Auditory wise the Dr.Who Music proved popular, adding to the Time Machine subject that IWB resource pertained to. The www.bbc.bytesize.co.uk had video links on the different classs. Vocabulary was kept at a degree that the mark group could entree entirely and with support where needed. It introduced the kids to new words within topics they had non yet researched. It challenged some of them but encouraged inquiries and struck up some interesting accounts. Authenticity and credibleness were indispensable, it may be a history subject but the web site still needs to be up to day of the month and reliable, which theDecisionThe resource we chose proved to be animating, educational, uniting larning with merriment and creativeness. The Learning journey of a kid in today ‘s school has be entwined with ITC package, pupils assurance to seek new things increases as they learn new accomplishments, one time they are confident in the country of engineering merely so can you get down disputing them. This resource encouraged us as a group to do better usage of engineerings across all countries of acquisition. The range to develop through ICT is unsurmountable, ICT is embedded in mundane pattern and portion of kids ‘s mundane lives and to hold a acquisition environment without it would be uncomplete and out of touch with the kids ain world. In drumhead if this subject and been delivered vocally and kids told to research in the library it w ould hold been far less productive and gratifying. Task two The development of ICT and the Role of the Learning Support Worker The Development of ICT and the Role of the Learning Support Worker The Role of the Learning Support Worker ( LSW ) has evolved from the ‘classroom helper ‘ who was normally seen as the assistant, there chiefly to undertake the humble occupations so the instructor could learn. The National Curriculum ( NC ) now advocates the usage of ICT to back up and heighten all topics within the NC. The LSW will integrate the usage of engineering in every country of the support they deliver. The ICT suite which is now an built-in portion of the school, as critical as the assembly hall or the resort area, has developed into a hub of action used daily by all capable instructors. The LSW will be trained to present the bulk of differentiated Sessionss within this suite. A timetable system is indispensable as categories clamber for a slot. The LSW will pass an increasing sum of their clip oversing students who are reassigning duologue from paper, graphs from books, information notes on to publish so as to show their work to a wider audience, ICT is subtly present throughout the course of study, alongside the usual ICT session delivered by the ICT instructor. Teachers ICT cognition is now extremely developed, no longer the sphere of the engineering section, instructors and LSWs likewise are now trained suitably and updated in line with new ordinances and policies. Some LSWs will hold embarked on their callings without any or relevant preparation, historically it was non a demand to hold academic makings, competent reading, composing and numerical accomplishments and a passion to back up kids were sufficient. As clip Marches on and outlooks and developing move onwards and upwards each school can utilize their ain bench grade when using new LSWs and places are much sought after, campaigners are now qualified, extremely trained and specialised. The tremendous figure of classs on offer pertaining to the public assistance of a kid in the educational system is of all time increasing, these makings are immediately movable and a fillip for persons seeking the place of a LSW. Persons already employed in this field must add to their ain crediblenes s and add ICT, Data Protection, Health and Safety etc to their portfolios. Technology invades everyones lifes at place and work, kids fortuitously have entree to computing machines every bit good as instructors and parents, the LSW should see their place as the gum that meshes the whole saber saw. Many parents are non cognizant of the handiness of the school and their kids own larning journey but the LSW has the chance to explicate merely to parents that by logging on, choosing their kids own twelvemonth group they can supervise and detect advancement. It is problematic whether instructors are going redundant, the fact that new engineerings and ICT resources are widely available will non thin the demand for instructors and LSWs, yet it will take to the function being streamlined and redefined. The instructor is germinating into a builder and facilitator. Many new demands are expected of instructors today, these demands will increase and germinate with new statute law as the course of study and ICT merge. They include: Helping students measure up and formalize resources and cognition Critical open-mindedness Active in join forcesing and easing Interceding with scholars about their cognition Aid scholars scaffold their acquisition With new demands come new competences, the LSW is progressively expected to develop and construct on their ICT accomplishments. They are encouraged and funded to be more competent. These are a few of the new competences required to integrate ICT into instruction: Creativity affecting engineering Flexibility to exchange instruction tools in distinction Logistic accomplishments to utilize the ICT resources optimally Administrative/organisational accomplishments The close hereafter developments sing ICT and how it transfers to all topics is animating and as a LSW it is now accepted that we raise our cognition base in line with the kids we are trying to assist, it is a common experience that the kids are far more computing machine literate than most instructors and LSWs, when this is obvious we can merely think the instructor loses some credibleness and regard in this field. An mundane illustration of how the function as an LSW has changed sing ICT is in the context of a literacy lesson, historically we would hold been assigned a one to one or little group, asked to back up them in their apprehension in general reading and authorship. Increasingly todays literacy lessons are preponderantly delivered on a IWB, students of all abilities are asked to take part, we now encourage the less able kids to entree the IWB, instruct what to click/press/drag etc and guarantee inclusion, this is a signifier of technological distinction, easy measure by measure instructions. As the LSW cognition additions they are able to help in presentations and power point undertakings, they confidently explain and teach how to make multimedia paperss, incorporating ICT into most activities ( particularly for dyslexic or autistic spectrum persons ) . It is critical to exhibit a sound cognition of anything you are trying to explicate. Most LSW would hold struggled merely a few old ages ago with the most basic usage of package for word processing, spreadsheets, emails etc. Supporting Every Child ( 2009 ) ( pg.151 ) discusses the NC hereafter, it is apparent that learning methods have changed due to new engineerings, and whilst learning methods can be blended utilizing the ‘talk and chalk ‘ theoretical account of learning or the IWB method, it is normally accepted that now or in the close hereafter and beyond it will be acceptable to present a mixture of learning methods to allow students at appropriate times. Will we see ICT promoted to a nucleus topic, scientific discipline is now regarded every bit of import as maths and English, the course of study is presently and invariably been debated ( Best,1999 ) and the fact and world that ICT will be straight good for employment intents for students has to be taken into history. To foretell that ICT will go a nucleus topic is non a large gamble, it is about a given that the hereafter of acquisition will be per se linked and overlapped with engineering. Personalised Learning has been the sphere of the Particular Education Needs Co-ordinator ( SENCO ) up until late, they initiated and enforced resources, particularly the ICT resources that needed a modicum of computing machine literacy, it is now widely expected that these resources be shared with LSWs along with instructions and methodological analysis to present a individualized programme. Recording results and relaying advancement back to the SENCO is now an mundane happening and a great usage of clip and resources. Harmonizing to Becta ( 2008 ) , â€Å" We know that engineering has the possible to transform acquisition. We are committed to animating instruction suppliers to gain possible, and equip scholars for Britain ‘s future success. † E-learning is determining the function of the LSW in analogue with the larning experience of students, schools now use computing machines for place acquisition, appraisal and recording. Besides for personalizing the acquisition journey, taging and instant feedback and to present a lesson beyond the parametric quantities of the one schoolroom. The LSW has all of these resources at their disposal excessively, we are instructed to advance ICT commissariats, even when research Watson ( 2002 ) indicates that the feelings of instructors was that books are extremely effectual at raising criterions particularly in secondary schools. ICT was regarded as a less effectual proviso, nevertheless it was agreed that ICT played an of import function in bettering both maths and English accomplishments. Ofsted have been accused at being more impressed with a schools ICT suite than its library, schools spend on norm three times more on ICT than on books. Each LSW will hold their ain penchant, those competent in ICT will recommend reading online, it is our function to formalize the resource so that we guide the students in a sure manner. An LSW with small assurance in ICT will trust on books as a resource which can besides accommodate some students, non every kid has a computing machine at place or is computing machine literate. You besides get the kid that loves the aesthetic feel of a book, they will be encouraged to utilize resources that suit their ain acquisition manner. This kid will be guided to research both engineering based and library based resources. What will the function of a LSW expression like in the hereafter in relation to ICT? In order to develop we have to accept alteration, we merely accept alteration when we recognise the demand. Possibly we will be curriculum specializers, ICT being one of these fortes, or particular needs practicians or capable experts? All three are a possibility, all relevant and now that ideological barriers are being broken down slightly a certainty. The ethos of instruction is chances for all, ICT being no obstruction, e-learning is here to remain and a model we have to encompass. The LSW function will be re-graded, into sub-grades, general helpers, SEN helpers, admin helpers, capable based helpers, ICT helpers and every other possible helper relevant to educating kids in between. The hereafter will see a clip when specializer trained helpers take specific lessons. The lessons will fall into the model for learning but will be recognized officially and work in partnership with the to the full qualified instructor. Partnership and shared vision are cardinal words, senior helpers will form and deploy undertakings to take down ranked helpers. With increased ICT accomplishments learning helpers of the hereafter will research and discuss capable development. The Admin helper will utilize engineering to portion and roll up information, attending monitoring, accomplishments, email lessons, parental engagement and in clip be cardinal to puting up national and international acquisition between organisations. When advertisement for a LSW, it will be for a specific accomplishment and intent. Qualifications will be indispensable and the functions will accommodate a scope, those that want to by and large assist out with the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours attention of kids, escorting and oversing, those that are more calling focused and those that enter into support work with an unfastened head willing to larn on the occupation. In decision, the future function and re-structuring of the LSW depends on the successful deployment of this valuable work force, which up to now as been challenged by support, loath professionals and low respect from equals in general. Change is at hand and inevitable, ICT will measure up as a nucleus topic in clip, the manner forward is for the LSW to hold their ain professional position, a set of criterions to adhere to and to work in partnership with instructors to heighten a kids larning experience. We will all be portion of the same household that live in the freshly named Centre of Educational Excellence ( CEE ) . All CEE constitutions will hold dedicated ICT suits with specialised ICT helpers, category suites will hold stand alone laptops or ipads, lessons will be delivered in a multi media method. Delivered in differentiated degrees. Each kid will hold a French telephone with a pick of buttons, they will give anon. replies to multi pick inquiries, this instant feedback will let for all kids to take part even the loath 1s. The LSW of the hereafter as a responsibility to the kids and to them self to seek the makings that will guarantee their ain development and that of the kids in their acquisition environment. It is a really exciting clip to be involved in this altering age of the LSW. The long delinquent acknowledgment and proof from the professionals and the of all time present day-to-day grasp from the kids make for a deep sense of satisfaction for any individual shiping on this calling pick. Referencing Becta ( 2008 ) About Becta, Available online at http//about.becta.org.uk ( accessed 02 May 2011 ) Best, R. ( 1999 ) Pastoral and the millenary, in Collins, U. And McNiff, J. ( explosive detection systems ) Rethinking Pastoral Care, London: Routledge. Walton, A.Goddard, G. ( 2009 ) Supporting Every Child: The what of instruction: yesteryear, nowadays and future.Exeter: Learning Matters. Watson, R. ( 2002 ) Schoolbook Spending in the UK 2001/2002, London: Educational Publishers Council. Task three Online Discussion Portfolio Discussion Forum Contributions Hello, I am XXXX I have 3 kids, 17,13,12, before holding kids I worked abroad in ski resorts, was a druggist dispenser, histories and rewards clerk, saloon amah and chalet miss. I embarked on this class in support of my closest friend Judy, who is in remittal from chest malignant neoplastic disease, I needed that push to acquire out of the rut my separation had cornered me in, it made sense professionally and personally. I need to be in a place when my youngest hits 18 to stand on alone and be more employable, I have been a instruction helper for 8 old ages and I am ready to take this farther, in what capacity I am diffident but as my girl applies to universities next twelvemonth and the following four old ages unfold I hope that we will go to each others graduations together†¦ †¦ .that is my end and dream.— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —I spent a frustrating twenty-four hours in our well equipped 18 strong computing machine suite, the pressman did non work, the screens flashed on several intermittently, one kept crashing and some of the older kids that attend the computing machine nine leave the screen on outsize fount out of mischief cognizing it causes even more mayhem when the younger 1s log on. In the 8 old ages I have worked at the school I have yet to witness aA session without jobs, either with human mistake that the log in inside informations are wrong, ink cartridges on low, childs repeatedly hitting the print button, instructors acquiring hyper due to non look intoing earlier th at all is working as expected merely to be unsuitably frustrated in forepart of students and the whole lesson being aborted. On the plus side I have A had the experience of working with a few instructors who had antic IWB/ICT accomplishments and the lessons that they confidently delivered wholly interactively and engaged the whole category for the whole lesson, I was left feeling really unequal and antediluvian, yet pleased to hold witnessed the effectivity and different attack that the computing machine affords, it is the manner frontward forA both instructor and scholar. I see every twenty-four hours the reluctance of the older instructors who rely on conventional wipe board and pens to alter their manner of bringing, some take on preparation but seldom with enthusiasm, andA one time they have ticked theA boxes andA attended the preparation theyA rarelyA useA the IWB as a tool to learn. like mostA A computing machine nonreader people it ‘s wholly a needsA to knowA footing, but the childs will non be happyA withA merely the staid and uncoolA manner that most instructors over 45 are stuck in. it'sA a generalization made wholly on anA experimental A degree, but seeing is believing and believe me some of the dinosaurs in learning demand desperately rejuvenating, or they will fall in the squad of semi retired supply instructors who pop in and seek present the tested and tested manner merely to be met with apathy or break, normally the latter.— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —I haveA non used the bbc web site or seen it used much in the school puting but gratefully I was introduced to it by XXXX who created a power point presentation with merely this site as a nexus. It is www.bbc.ukA , I searched for KS2 scientific discipline, Reversible and Irreversible procedures, it took me to a power point presentation that involved the IWB, it asked the kids to snap and drag different substances and put them in a tumbler of H2O and a spatula stirs it and reveals the reply with audio to honor or promote the student to hold another spell, it so goes into a cartridge holder which compactly and obviously explains the different provinces and asks the kids to see solids, gases and liquids in their environment. It has a lesson program and worksheet already to publish, differentiated for different degrees, it has links to www.bbc.bitesize.ukA which can be used independently by the students to stretch their involvement and busy them whilst the lesser able 1s are finishing the undertaking and worksheet. I ‘m astonished at how clip salvaging this must be for instructors to non hold to make lesson programs or worksheets, the bringing and attack is straightforward, even giving prompts and inquiries that the instructor could utilize. The AimA is to explicate in an synergistic and ocular manner the sometimes deadening topic ( in the students mindset ) of scientific discipline. It is a resource that I will be utilizing and swearing, I showed it to my instructor who said yes its antic I forget how utile I found it and hold neglected it in favor of other sites she has been introduced to but she agreed it is every bit every bit good and would be giving me the subjects in front of clip for me to beginning out and demo her. The benefits are eternal for both student and instructor, prosecuting, ocular, audile, synergistic, differentiated, and even an online Homework follow up to make at place and station to their instructor! ! Did I reference clip salvaging†¦ †¦ giving the instructor more clip to make what she is passionate about†¦ .TEACH! If a resource covers all the Learning Objectives and does the occupation in a fraction of the readying clip I say use it. I have found it so utile for my boies of 12 and 13 in KS3 it follows the course of study and so when the semen and inquire how to construct a Roman garrison and fosse I can demo them in an instant whats expected and they learn the history utilizing words geared to their age and ability.— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — –Technology is used in every individual topic within the course of study, it discreetly supports by giving the students the chance to utilize equipment and computing machine package to heighten their acquisition. The students at my school are encouraged to pass on thoughts and information in a assortment of signifiers. The school is internet linked so that parents can open their kids twelvemonth group nexus and see precisely what is be taught each term. www.education.gov.uk has a course of study resource that opens up and links to all cardinal curricular countries. Within each topic there options to integrate ICT for illustration in the signifier of information recording or IWB activities. It shows clearly how state a PE lesson can be brought into the schoolroom by a IW B resource with ‘how much energy is used when making a physical activity? ‘ , which involves inputting informations gathered onto a grid or diagram, comparison and contrast consequences. I used PE as an illustration due to it non being the obvious pick where engineering can be integrated, besides cameras could be used to grounds the activities. www.nationalstrategies.standards.desf.gov.uk is used often, the instructor can snap on say R.E, History, geographics to resource a IWB to present that lesson on that topic in an piquant audile manner, it gives options and information, including Technology options, it saves clip and resources that are normally exhausted run offing information sheets to manus out. Language, Literacy and Mathematics are about ever delivered affecting engineering, either the instructor will speak whilst the capable affair is on the smart board, the kids are encouraged to utilize the IWB for working amounts out and it is great to see a instructor usage it efficaciously, understating a childs work and demoing how it could hold been done a different manner, so remembering that kids to demo the comparing, it ‘s a front-runner of our year 6 Mathematics instructor, the kids shortly gain assurance when it is delivered by a instructor with good IT skills. Technology is ingrained in the course of study, when a instructor can utilize it efficaciously it enhances the acquisition experience, we have a twosome of ‘old school ‘ instructors who prefer to still utilize press releases, books and the library, who clearly have a phobic disorder about utilizing the engineering at their disposal. I understand their issues as I ‘m on a steep acquisition curve myself with engineering, but they are professionals and does n't a physician or canvasser have to larn new processs and techniques, why should our kids non acquire the full impact that engineering can supply, I feel strongly that instructors should be assessed and updated as times change. We have a few instructors approaching retirement and they are antic in many ways but you can see the vacillation and reluctance to seek it any other manner. I would wish to believe that their methods are non restricting the kids possible but if a topic can be delivered in a visually, prosecuting, synergistic manner certainly they should see the benefits and at least seek even if it ‘s in a premature simple signifier. It ‘s a tough call and I respect their instruction in so many other ways, so I guess clip will generically work out this one but so what new engineering will we hold? ? I saw a yr 4 category making cross stitch yesterday and the instructor had the form on the IWB demoing the students which colour combinations worked good, I might non hold spotted that or taken much notice before this undertaking.— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — –LESSON Plan: Y5 Science – Irreversible and Reversible provinces LESSON LENGTH: 1hour LEARNING OBJECTIVE: A To recognize which provinces are Irreversible and Reversible LEARNING OUTCOME: A Pupils will look into and research several provinces Introduction: The Teacher will gloss over the old yearss treatment associating to this lesson and have a 10 min inquiries and replies session before explicating the undertaking in manus, explicating what the different resources will be used for and in which sequence Resource: A Salt, sand, petri dishes, H2O, boiler, iceATeaching Activities: Mix salt and sand to H2O, topographic point both petri dishes on a warm radiator and go forth overnight, examine and discourse the ice, H2O, predict what alterations may happen to their provinces one time defrosted or boiled. Record existent findings on a sheet. PLENARY: As a category discuss the experiment and anticipations and results, analyze and reflect upon why some kids foretelling falsely. What was it about the salt and sand that gave them different results.A AEVALUATION – The kids can now foretell with regular truth which stuffs and provinces can be reversed or non— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —I ‘m answering from an iPad, had to download word app, so whether this part really gets added as an fond regard or copied and pasted I have yet to happen out. The fac t I ‘m sat at our train at Burton constable in the Sun being able to lend on such a antic piece of nomadic engineering feels really futuristic so. This piece of kit will likely be available to pupils and instructors in clip to come for distance acquisition, my boy has been on his schools cyberspace linked place work nexus and completed a maths trial and submitted a Gallic interlingual rendition undertaking, he was rewarded with a games app, I would hold had to put off place early were it non for such a great devise.AI ‘m foretelling that schoolrooms will be more like talk theaters, delivered with an IWB with each student holding a French telephone with anon. part to demo how many of the category are lending and what they select as replies, Steve showed us this piece of gadgetry in the saloon after last hebdomads session and the benefits that this type devise would give to those diffident untalkative pupils is monolithic. It ‘s prosecuting everyone, maintaining ever yone on undertaking, foregrounding if pupils are fighting or apathetic, it gives the instructor instant feedback. In twenty old ages clip the function of worlds will hold been replaced in many facets of instruction by engineering, kids will utilize personal laptops or iPads alternatively of pen and paper, the course of study will hold been universally scrapped and a individualized acquisition journey for each kid, differentiated to suit, will be delivered on line, the function of instructor will be as an adviser, wise man and director of a squad of say 60 students, there will be no eternal hours taging, researching and planning.AThe kids will hold the chance do far more originative and energetic chases, as the whole state will hold evolved into academies with a large accent on athleticss, humanistic disciplines and music. Primary school SATs will be a distant memory as on-going appraisal will let a kid to concentrate on the countries of failings. Academies will hold to accept all ab ilities and halt the elitist few going super schools which have high entryway requirements.A We will hold adopted the European manner of school life, in many states they have 8 am – 4pm Monday Tuesday ThursdayA 8am – 1am Friday, Wednesday is recharge twenty-four hours, weekends free, but pupils must lend on line for a set figure of hours each hebdomad merely like ebridge.AThese are my anticipations, engineering will ne'er replace a good instructor, but it can congratulate one, we need less stressed out instructors, they are renowned for mental dislocations and depression and emphasis induced issues, so if they can pass less clip on the humdrum paperwork and more clip mentoring and encouraging pupils.AI ‘ll be 65 and retired ready to travel around Europe on a boat, A starting back to see the grandkids, I ‘ll take engineering with me so I can talk to them daily and ill watch my girl battle with kids eventually gaining how difficult I have worked as a individu al Dendranthema grandifloruom, I will hold met the adult male of my dreams by so, I ‘ll be mortgage free and content with life. I ‘ll besides be in the early phases of dotage or dementedness no uncertainty, with a weak vesica and a chancy hip, but you ca n't hold it all! ! Hi steve, Change is the lone invariable and the function of the instructor evolves in analogue with engineering. The Lap top I type on now has the engineering of an industrial based elephant sized computing machine of the 1980s, I think the biggest alteration for a instructor will be a elephantine geographical displacement and clip direction. Commuting and long hours spent paper shamble will be to a lower limit. A The word teaching method was something banded about by the stuffy faculty members, the late interviewed or the freshly qualified. I had heard it legion times from co-workers who use it when they want to be scholarly but merely on shiping on this class did I genuinely understand its significance and it literally translates to ‘the map or work of a instructor ‘ and it ‘s a word that crops up infinitely when researchingA the altering function of a instructor. Upon extended research I have come to understand and hopefully understand why alteration in the function of instruction is both ineluctable and exciting. I found an American web site whilst researching ( http: //faculty.ed.uiuc.edu/j-levin/2020-vision.html ) whilst it uses words to accommodate the American instruction system it makes for a insightful read. Briefly it about predicts smaller orbiter categories for students and that online acquisition will increase A for kids of all ages, whereas its been the sphere of the Higher Education upto now, but to do it affectional instructors have to b relearn and re-educate themselves as history proves that instructors have many resources and scholars have few.AIts worth taking the clip to look up approximately Becta ( once known as the British Educational Communications and Technology Agency ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.education.gov.uk/schools/adminandfinance/procurement/ict/a0073825/becta it explains all that is relevant to optimize engineering and ICT within the educational system.AAfter diging into to merely these two sites I can see why the function of the instructor will tilt to wards confederate and protagonist, alternatively of the instructor and the taught, whilst it indicates a more distant function I would wish to dispute this in that a instructor who has evolved in line with ITC, which will be the late qualified or the instructors who embrace alteration, will present Sessionss, be it in a little category session where face to confront suits those single pupils. Designation of those students who need that personal touch whilst larning online is indispensable, and the instructor can district in on those more personally, yet through networked computing machines the session will make more distant students, be it geographics or personal acquisition manners, it may intend the student who would n't normally trouble oneself to go to will take part in their ain manner. More collaborative undertakings will convey approximately enhanced productiveness a instructor will be assigned to a web of students from several schools, much like the online larning on ebridge. Its merely occurred to me that Steve is really exposing how a instructor will present a faculty in the hereafter, largely on-line, a face to confront on occasion, treatment forums and I think kids by the nature of the fact they are computing machine living deads will soak up this acquisition method with easiness. I personally struggle with ICT and my acquisition journey is a slow and repetitive one at best but I ‘m non naif plenty to believe I can gloss over this fact. My passion to hold a calling working with kids in instruction necessitates that I have to maintain improving and adding to my cognition. Its the lesser gratifying facet of this class for me personally but I ‘m truly proud at my accomplishments so far, A I will endeavor to acquire the rudimentss ingrained in my encephalon, so who knows I may really halt badgering and get down disputing myself engineering wise†¦ †¦ Im non keeping my breath though!A